| Tusi couple | 1247 | Nasir al-Din al-Tusi | mathematical instrument |
| Cistercian numerals | 1300 | Cistercians | positional numeral system |
| Si yuan shu | 1303 | Zhu Shijie | system of equations |
| Santiago | 1460 | António de Noli | island |
| Semicolon | 1494 | Aldus Manutius | Unicode character |
| Knitting machine | 1589 | William Lee | mechanical device |
| Sakuramochi | 1717 | Chomeiji Sakuramochi | — |
| Morphy Defence | 1750 | Ercole del Rio | chess opening |
| Roller skates | 1760 | John Joseph Merlin | type of product |
| Whitsunday Island | 1770 | James Cook | island |
| Molybdenum | 1778 | Carl Wilhelm Scheele | chemical element |
| Tellurium | 1783 | Franz-Joseph Müller von Reichenstein | chemical element |
| NGC 3825 | March 15, 1784 | William Herschel | low-ionization nuclear emission-line region |
| NGC 4208 | April 8, 1784 | William Herschel | Magellanic spiral |
| NGC 4032 | April 27, 1785 | William Herschel | HI (21cm) source |
| NGC 3099A | December 7, 1785 | William Herschel | low-ionization nuclear emission-line region |
| Lord Howe Island | February 17, 1788 | Henry Lidgbird Ball | island |
| Uranium | 1789 | — | lithophile element |
| Zirconium | 1789 | Jöns Jacob Berzelius | lithophile element |
| Fantascope | 1790 | Étienne-Gaspard Robert | — |
| Smallpox vaccine | 1798 | Edward Jenner | vaccine type |
| Niobium | 1801 | Charles Hatchett | lithophile element |
| Palladium | 1803 | William Hyde Wollaston | chemical element |
| Rhodium | 1803 | William Hyde Wollaston | chemical element |
| Barium | 1808 | Humphry Davy | lithophile element |
| Iodine | 1811 | Bernard Courtois | lithophile element |
| Cadmium | 1817 | Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann | chemical element |
| Anixia | 1819 | Elias Magnus Fries | taxon |
| Venturia inaequalis | 1819 | Elias Magnus Fries | taxon |
| (ε, δ)-definition of limit | 1820 | Karl Weierstraß | definition |
| Fractional derivative | 1823 | — | — |
| Rawaki Island | February 23, 1824 | Phoenix | reef island |
| Promethean match | 1828 | Samuel Jones | — |
| NGC 1217-1 | October 23, 1835 | John Frederick William Herschel | low-ionization nuclear emission-line region |
| Galvanography | 1840 | Wolfgang Franz von Kobell | artistic technique |
| McKean Island | August 19, 1840 | Charles Wilkes | reef island |
| Snow Hill Island | January 6, 1843 | James Clark Ross | island |
| Ruthenium | 1844 | Karl Ernst Claus | chemical element |
| Abu Simbel Phoenician graffiti | 1845 | Jean-Jacques Ampère | graffiti |
| Inscription dédiée par Caligula à sa soeur Drusilla divinisée - 9957 | 1846 | Vincenzo Galassi | inscription |
| Daldans | 1848 | Anders Selinder | performing arts genre |
| Hipp chronoscope | 1848 | Matthäus Hipp | — |
| Brewster stereoscope | 1849 | David Brewster | optical instrument |
| Helpmate | 1854 | Max Lange | type of chess problem |
| Livingstone Island | November 16, 1855 | David Livingstone | island |
| Caesium | 1860 | Gustav Kirchhoff | lithophile element |
| Raschet Blast Furnace | 1860 | Vladimir Rashet | oven |
| Archaeopteryx | 1861 | Carl Friedrich Häberlein | fossil taxon |
| Juglar cycle | 1862 | Clément Juglar | business cycle |
| Indium | 1863 | Ferdinand Reich | chemical element |
| Abydos graffiti | 1868 | Théodule Devéria | graffiti |
| The History of John the Son of Zebedee | 1871 | William Wright | literary work |
| Archaeological site of Kish | 1873 | George Smith | archaeological site |
| Telephone | 1876 | Antonio Meucci | type of physical object |
| The Ancient Roman Mosaic of Lierna on Lake Como | 1876 | Siro Panizza | archaeological find |
| NGC 707 | November 25, 1879 | Wilhelm Tempel | low-ionization nuclear emission-line region |
| Gortyn code | 1880 | Federico Halbherr | inscription |
| Stele of the Vultures | 1880 | Ernest de Sarzec | stele |
| Sant'Antioco bilingual | 1881 | Johannes Schmidt | stele |
| NGC 1072 | December 20, 1881 | Édouard Stephan | low-ionization nuclear emission-line region |