- Aage BertelsenCitizenship: Kingdom of DenmarkBorn: September 28, 1873
- Abd al-Rahman al-SufiCitizenship: Buyid dynastyBorn: December 12, 903
- Adolph GöpelCitizenship: GermanyBorn: September 29, 1812
- Aikitsu TanakadateCitizenship: JapanBorn: October 16, 1856
- Alan GilmoreCitizenship: New ZealandBorn: March 1944
- Alan Harvey MeklerBorn: 1947Occupation: university teacher
- Albert Henry MunsellCitizenship: United StatesBorn: January 6, 1858
- Albert HofmannCitizenship: SwitzerlandBorn: January 11, 1906
- Albert RoseCitizenship: United StatesBorn: March 30, 1910
- Albert StreckeisenCitizenship: SwitzerlandBorn: November 8, 1901
- Alexander F. I. ForbesCitizenship: South AfricaBorn: April 13, 1871
- Alexander L. MedleyCitizenship: United StatesBorn: 1869
- Alexander VyssotskyCitizenship: United StatesBorn: May 23, 1888
- Alexander WilsonCitizenship: Kingdom of Great BritainBorn: 1714
- Alexander ZamolodchikovCitizenship: Soviet UnionBorn: September 18, 1952
- Alexandre YersinCitizenship: FranceBorn: September 22, 1863
- Alfred A. FoucherCitizenship: FranceBorn: November 21, 1865
- Ammar MahjoubiCitizenship: French protectorate of TunisiaBorn: November 6, 1931
- Amparo Castiella RodríguezCitizenship: SpainBorn: 1946
- Andre GeimCitizenship: United KingdomBorn: October 21, 1958
- Andreas D. FröhlichCitizenship: GermanyBorn: November 30, 1946
- André KnöfelCitizenship: GermanyBorn: October 30, 1963
- André-Charles CaronCitizenship: Kingdom of FranceBorn: April 26, 1698
- Angel ArmendarizCitizenship: SpainBorn: 1954
- Annibale de GasparisCitizenship: Kingdom of ItalyBorn: November 9, 1819
- Antonino Lo SurdoCitizenship: Kingdom of ItalyBorn: February 4, 1880
- Armond SeidlerCitizenship: United StatesBorn: December 27, 1919
- Arthur Holly ComptonCitizenship: United StatesBorn: September 10, 1892
- Asaph HallCitizenship: United StatesBorn: October 15, 1829
- Atsunari SuganoCitizenship: JapanBorn: June 4, 1962
- Audley Bowdler WilliamsonCitizenship: United KingdomBorn: February 28, 1916
- August SchraderCitizenship: GermanyBorn: April 3, 1807
- August Wilhelm HenschelCitizenship: GermanyBorn: December 20, 1790